Causes of migraines
Numerous theories exist about what causes migraines and there is not just one that explains the cause for everyone. Some of the theories include:
- Changes in the brain chemical serotonin
When the levels of this chemical drop they cause blood vessels in the brain to become swollen and inflamed thus leading to migraine.
- Vascular constriction in the brain
It starts with just one blood vessel which is followed by dilation and stretching of more vessels which causes pain.
- Excessive blood flow to the brain
Contradicting the previous theory, it has been discovered that migraines can even be caused by increased blood flow of about 300%. Still, even when the attack is in full swing the blood circulation may seem normal afterwards.
- Neurological disorders
These include disorders involving nerve cell activity in the brain. Neurotransmitters in the brain can stimulate the trigeminal nerves which starts a chain reaction that results with pain signals.
- Nervous system disorder starting in the brain stem
The brain stem is a control center which regulates several body functions that are symptoms of a migraine attack such as perception of light, noise and smell, blood flow in the brain, pain sensitivity etc. It has been discovered that three clusters of cells in the brain stem get active during and after a migraine attack and according to a hypothesis the abnormal activity of these cells is what causes the pain.
- Disruption of subtle energies that flow in the body
The disruption of these energies as well as unresolved emotional issues may result in headaches and migraine.
- Mutation or dysfunction of certain genes
Migraines due to vitamin deficiency
A recent study has discovered that taking supplements with vitamin B6, B12 and folic acid can reduce the occurrence of migraines within 6 months. Older studies have also reported that taking high doses of B2 (riboflavin) can also prevent migraines.
The vitamins B6 and B12 are very important for reducing homocyeteine levels. These levels can increase due to certain gene mutations and according to the type of the genotype different doses of these vitamins are needed. Professor Lyn Griffiths said: